A citizen proposal, not a government program. ISAE does not exist yet and nobody can enroll today. Anyone offering “ISAE enrollment” or asking for money or personal information is running a scam. Aviso en español
Immigration Support
and Enforcement
EnglishEspañolOther languages
Esta página está solo en inglés: el material de política detallado es para funcionarios y legisladores. Lea el resumen en español o cómo funcionaría.

Sources

All citations

Numbered in the order they first appear on this site. Figures come from the ISAE white paper (Oct. 2026) and its public research. Calculations labeled “our calculation” are simple arithmetic on cited figures. All URLs accessed October 2026.

  1. Congressional Research Service, Understanding the FY2026 DHS Budget Request (R48704, Sept. 2025), describing Pub. L. 119-21 (the 2025 reconciliation act): $45 billion for ICE detention capacity and $29.85 billion for enforcement and related activities, available through FY2029. https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R48704.html
  2. TRAC Immigration, "Quick Facts" (data current as of July 11, 2026): 65,765 in ICE detention; 46,436 (70.6%) with no criminal conviction; 183,181 monitored in ATD. https://tracreports.org/immigration/quickfacts/
  3. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Budget Overview, Fiscal Year 2025 Congressional Justification (DHS, 2024). Adult bed cost per day FY2023 actual $187.48 (performance measure table); ISAP IV FY2023 cost $4.11 per participant per day; ECMS caseload of no more than 40 participants per case specialist; ECMS at about one-sixth the cost of FCMP; ATD ADP of 274,845 in FY2023; absconder rates of 16.2% (FY2021), 8.1% (FY2022), 12.8% (FY2023); site tiers; 1–5 risk score. https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2024-04/2024_0308_us_immigration_and_customs_enforcement.pdf
  4. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, "DHS Announces Historic Travel Assistance and Stipend for Voluntary Self-Deportation" (May 5, 2025). https://www.dhs.gov/news/2025/05/05/dhs-announces-historic-travel-assistance-and-stipend-voluntary-self-deportation
  5. Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy, Tax Payments by Undocumented Immigrants (July 2024). https://itep.org/undocumented-immigrants-taxes-2024/
  6. Stephanie Zappelli and Melissa Chavez, "ICE agents detain 114 people on Central Coast during weeklong operation," San Luis Obispo Tribune (Oct. 13, 2026) (counts per 805 UndocuFund; includes DHS statement and interview with a Guadalupe resident). https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article317562167.html
  7. "ICE Activity Ramps Up on Central Coast as Election Approaches," Santa Barbara Independent (Oct. 9, 2026). https://www.independent.com/2026/10/09/ice-activity-ramps-up-on-central-coast-as-election-approaches/
  8. American Immigration Council, Mass Deportation: Devastating Costs to America, Its Budget and Economy (Oct. 2024). https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/report/mass-deportation/
  9. Penn Wharton Budget Model, Mass Deportation of Unauthorized Immigrants: Fiscal and Economic Effects (July 25, 2025), Tables 2–4. https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/p/2025-07-25-mass-deportation-of-unauthorized-immigrants-fiscal-and-economic-effects/
  10. Jack Dindia, "ICE Detains Parent of Student on Allan Hancock College Campus," Noozhawk (Oct. 5, 2026). https://www.noozhawk.com/ice-detains-parent-of-student-on-allan-hancock-college-campus/
  11. "Hancock clarifies ICE protocol after campus detention, outlines support for immigrant students," Santa Maria Times (Oct. 2026). https://santamariatimes.com/news/local/hancock-clarifies-ice-protocol-after-campus-detention-outlines-support-for-immigrant-students/article_b79ca227-6908-4642-a89e-37d373c52596.html ; see also "Community leaders speak against ICE action on Hancock's Santa Maria campus" (Oct. 5, 2026). https://santamariatimes.com/news/local/community-leaders-speak-against-ice-action-on-hancocks-santa-maria-campus/article_e0525b87-b0e7-4b5c-905e-71d66b5cce3b.html
  12. "State Releases New Guidelines for Immigration Enforcement on School Campuses," Santa Barbara Independent (Dec. 30, 2025). https://www.independent.com/2025/12/30/state-releases-new-guidelines-for-immigration-enforcement-on-school-campuses/
  13. Thomas S. Dee, "Recent immigration raids increased student absences," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2025). https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2510395122
  14. "DHS confirms 361 people detained in Carpinteria and Camarillo raids at Glass House Farms," KEYT News Channel 3-12 (July 14, 2025). https://keyt.com/news/santa-barbara-s-county/2025/07/14/fallout-from-federal-law-enforcement-operations-in-central-coast-region-continue-monday/
  15. "Federal Agents Raid Carpinteria Cannabis Farm, Deploy Smoke Grenades Near Crowd," Noozhawk (July 10, 2025). https://www.noozhawk.com/federal-agents-raid-carpinteria-cannabis-farm-deploy-smoke-bombs-on-crowd/
  16. "More details emerge about California immigration raid as worker dies," Los Angeles Times (July 12, 2025). https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2025-07-12/ice-agents-raid-farm-mans-death ; Associated Press, "California farmworker who fell from greenhouse roof during chaotic ICE raid dies." https://apnews.com/article/jaime-alanis-immigrant-farmworker-death-raid-c3c6f60a087f5f9f1d2b053fcef35b57
  17. "Federal Show of Force Prompts Real Community Response," Santa Barbara Independent (July 16, 2025). https://www.independent.com/2025/07/16/federal-show-of-force-prompts-real-community-response/
  18. "The aftermath of an ICE raid," Coastal View News (Carpinteria, July 2025). https://www.coastalview.com/news/the-aftermath-of-an-ice-raid/article_e3f50378-acde-4cca-9359-07a1f22a0196.html
  19. Ryan P. Cruz, "Survey Results Show Half of South Coast Businesses Report Immigration Impact," Santa Barbara Independent (Aug. 5, 2025) (early results, 174 respondents). https://www.independent.com/2025/08/05/survey-results-show-half-of-south-coast-businesses-report-immigration-impact/
  20. "Santa Barbara Reacts to Increased ICE Immigration Enforcement," KEYT News Channel 3-12 (Jan. 27, 2025). https://keyt.com/politics/2025/01/27/workers-worry-about-immigration-enforcement/
  21. "Local businesses feeling the effects of ICE fears in Santa Barbara," News Channel 3-12 report (Feb. 21, 2025), syndicated at https://kvia.com/news/2025/02/21/local-businesses-feeling-the-effects-of-ice-fears-in-santa-barbara/
  22. "Deportation Fears Keep Kids Away from Summer Lunch Program," Santa Barbara Independent (July 9, 2019). https://www.independent.com/2019/07/09/immigration-fears-keep-kids-away-from-summer-lunch-program/
  23. 8 C.F.R. § 274a.12(c)(11) (parolees) and (c)(14) (deferred action). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-8/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-274a/subpart-B/section-274a.12
  24. Kimberly J. Del Greco, FBI, "Law Enforcement's Use of Facial Recognition Technology," statement before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform (Mar. 22, 2017). https://www.fbi.gov/news/testimony/law-enforcements-use-of-facial-recognition-technology
  25. INA § 316, 8 U.S.C. § 1427 (residence requirements for naturalization). https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1427
  26. INA § 312, 8 U.S.C. § 1423 (English and civics requirements). https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1423
  27. Laken Riley Act, Pub. L. 119-1 (Jan. 29, 2025), adding INA § 236(c)(1)(E). https://www.congress.gov/119/plaws/publ1/PLAW-119publ1.pdf
  28. CNN Money, "How much it costs ICE to deport an undocumented immigrant" (Apr. 13, 2017), quoting an ICE official: average of $10,854 per removal in FY2016. https://money.cnn.com/2017/04/13/news/economy/deportation-costs-undocumented-immigrant/index.html. See also WTSP/USA Today, quoting ICE spokeswoman Yasmeen Pitts O'Keefe ("all costs necessary to identify, apprehend, detain, process through immigration court, and remove an alien"). https://www.wtsp.com/article/news/politics/how-much-does-it-cost-to-deport-one-migrant-it-depends/67-434814864
  29. Center for American Progress, "What Would It Cost to Deport 11.3 Million Unauthorized Immigrants?" ($10,070 per person; $114 billion total). https://www.americanprogress.org/article/what-would-it-cost-to-deport-11-3-million-unauthorized-immigrants/
  30. ICE, Fiscal Year 2016 ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations Report. https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Report/2016/removal-stats-2016.pdf
  31. Congressional Budget Office, Effects of the Immigration Surge on the Federal Budget and the Economy (July 2024). https://www.cbo.gov/publication/60165
  32. Congressional Research Service, Immigration: Alternatives to Detention (ATD) Programs (R45804, July 8, 2019), pp. 12, 15, 17 (GAO ISAP II findings; FCMP evaluation and costs; detention vs. ATD costs). https://www.congress.gov/crs_external_products/R/PDF/R45804/R45804.5.pdf
  33. DHS Office of Inspector General, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's Award of the Family Case Management Program Contract (OIG-18-22, Nov. 30, 2017), "Program Costs and Performance Metrics." https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2017-12/OIG-18-22-Nov17.pdf
  34. Ingrid Eagly and Steven Shafer, Measuring In Absentia Removal in Immigration Court (American Immigration Council, Jan. 2021). https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/report/measuring-absentia-removal-immigration-court/
  35. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Alternatives to Detention: ICE Needs to Better Assess Program Performance and Improve Contract Oversight (GAO-22-104529, June 22, 2022), including recommendation status updates through 2026. https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-22-104529
  36. G. Elliott Morris, Strength in Numbers survey, Mar. 3, 2026 (45% support "amnesty" vs. 76% support a conditional "path to citizenship"). https://www.gelliottmorris.com/p/many-americans-hold-contradictory-beliefs-2026-03-03
  37. Lydia Saad, "Surge in U.S. Concern About Immigration Has Abated," Gallup (July 2025; fieldwork June 2–26, 2025). https://news.gallup.com/poll/692522/surge-concern-immigration-abated.aspx
  38. Pew Research Center, "Mixed Views on Immigration Bill," June 7, 2007 (amnesty vs. path-to-citizenship wording). https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2007/06/07/mixed-views-on-immigration-bill-2/
  39. Ronald Reagan, Remarks on Signing the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, Nov. 6, 1986; Pub. L. 99-603. About 2.7 million IRCA permanent residents (general program ~1.6M + SAW ~1.1M) per commonly cited MPI/DHS statistical summaries. https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/remarks-signing-immigration-reform-and-control-act-1986
  40. U.S. Senate Roll Call Vote, 110th Cong., Vote 235, June 28, 2007 (cloture on S. 1639 rejected 46–53). https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1101/vote_110_1_00235.htm
  41. Congress.gov, S. 744, Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act (passed Senate 68–32, June 27, 2013; House took no vote). https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/744
  42. H.R. 4393, Dignity Act of 2025 (119th Cong.), and sponsor's section-by-section summary. https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4393 ; https://salazar.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/salazar.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/dignity-act-of-2025-section-by-section_0.pdf
  43. Gabby Birenbaum, "Escobar looks to end immigration impasse with new Dignity Act," Texas Tribune, May 11, 2026 (H.R. 4393 structure, $7,000 restitution, about 40 cosponsors, Rep. Gill quote, business support). https://www.texastribune.org/2026/05/11/texas-dignity-act-bipartisan-immigration-reform-bill-veronica-escobar/
  44. Evangelical Immigration Table, "Evangelical Leaders Commend Bipartisan Dignity Act"; Evangelical Immigration Agenda (2025). https://evangelicalimmigrationtable.com/
  45. USCIS Policy Manual, Vol. 7, Part O, Ch. 4 (registry history and current Jan. 1, 1972 cutoff); CRS, "Immigration: Registry as Means of Obtaining Lawful Permanent Residence" (RL30578). https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-7-part-o-chapter-4
  46. INA § 249, 8 U.S.C. § 1259 (registry for entry before Jan. 1, 1972). https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1259
  47. USCCB, "U.S. Bishops Issue a Special Message on Immigration," Nov. 12, 2025 (vote 216–5–3). https://www.usccb.org/news/2025/us-bishops-issue-special-message-immigration-plenary-assembly-baltimore
  48. Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L. 107-296, § 442, 116 Stat. 2135, 2193 (Nov. 25, 2002), codified at 6 U.S.C. § 252. https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:6%20section:252%20edition:prelim) ; enacted text: https://www.congress.gov/107/plaws/publ296/PLAW-107publ296.htm
  49. DHS, "Name Change of Two DHS Components," 75 Fed. Reg. (Mar. 16, 2010) (describing the renaming to Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement effective Mar. 1, 2003, and to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement effective Mar. 31, 2007). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2010/03/16/2010-5639/name-change-of-two-dhs-components
  50. Homeland Security Act of 2002, as amended through Pub. L. 119-4 (DHS compilation, 2025), table of contents (Sec. 471, "Abolishment of INS"). https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2025-04/25_0315_HSA-2002-updated-through-Mar2025.pdf.pdf
  51. DHS, "Who Joined DHS" (combination of all or part of 22 federal departments and agencies). https://www.dhs.gov/who-joined-dhs
  52. HSA § 872, 6 U.S.C. § 452 (reorganization authority and its limitations). https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/6/452
  53. United States v. Texas, 599 U.S. 670 (2023). https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/22-58_i425.pdf
  54. INA § 212(d)(5)(A), 8 U.S.C. § 1182(d)(5)(A). https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1182
  55. INA § 212(a)(9)(B), 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(9)(B). https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1182
  56. Texas v. United States, No. 23-40653 (5th Cir. Jan. 17, 2025). https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca5/23-40653/23-40653-2025-01-17.html. On DAPA: United States v. Texas, 579 U.S. 547 (2016) (per curiam, affirmed by an equally divided Court). https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/15pdf/15-674_jhlo.pdf
  57. Texas v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security (E.D. Tex. Nov. 7, 2024) (vacating the Keeping Families Together parole-in-place process). Summary: https://houstonimmigration.org/second-on-parole-in-place-program/
  58. Texas Observer, "ICE Criminal Investigators Ask to Be Distanced from Detentions, Deportations in Letter to Kirstjen Nielsen" (June 27, 2018). https://www.texasobserver.org/ice-hsi-letter-kirstjen-nielsen-criminal-civil-deportation-zero-tolerance/ ; see also Washington Post (June 28, 2018). https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/seeking-split-from-ice-agents-say-trumps-immigration-crackdown-hurts-investigations-morale/2018/06/28/7bb6995e-7ada-11e8-8df3-007495a78738_story.html
  59. ICE, "ICE announces historic 120% manpower increase thanks to recruitment campaign that brought in 12,000 officers and agents" (Jan. 2026) (agency-reported figures). https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/ice-announces-historic-120-manpower-increase-thanks-recruitment-campaign-brought
  60. 5 U.S.C. § 3503 (transfer of functions). https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/3503
  61. U.S. GAO, High-Risk Series: An Update (GAO-03-119, Jan. 2003). https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-03-119
  62. NPR, "Immigration Employees File Suit Against Obama's New Immigration Policy" (Aug. 23, 2012). https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2012/08/23/159926481/immigration-employees-file-suit-against-obamas-new-immigration-policy ; Crane v. Johnson, 783 F.3d 244 (5th Cir. 2015). https://www-dev.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/14/14-10049-CV0.pdf
  63. NBC News, "Biden administration may soon restart immigration program that was paused for possible fraud" (2024). https://www.nbcnews.com/investigations/biden-admin-may-restart-immigration-program-paused-for-possible-fraud-rcna168440
  64. The Guardian, "Facial recognition bias frustrates Black asylum applicants to US, advocates say" (Feb. 8, 2023). https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/08/us-immigration-cbp-one-app-facial-recognition-bias ; BBC, "At US border, tech issues plague new migrant applications" (2023). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64814095
  65. Patrick Grother, Mei Ngan, and Kayee Hanaoka, Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) Part 3: Demographic Effects, NISTIR 8280 (Dec. 2019). https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2019/NIST.IR.8280.pdf
  66. Joseph Cox, "ICE Is Using a New Facial Recognition App to Identify People, Leaked Emails Show," 404 Media (June 26, 2025). https://www.404media.co/ice-is-using-a-new-facial-recognition-app-to-identify-people-leaked-emails-show/
  67. DHS, Privacy Impact Assessment for the Alternatives to Detention (ATD) Program, DHS/ICE/PIA-062 (Aug. 2023). https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2023-08/privacy-pia-ice062-atd-august2023.pdf
  68. Carpenter v. United States, 585 U.S. 296 (2018). https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16-402_h315.pdf
  69. Julia Gelatt, Ariel G. Ruiz Soto and James D. Bachmeier, “Changing Origins, Rising Numbers: Unauthorized Immigrants in the United States,” Migration Policy Institute fact sheet, 2025 (mid-2023 estimates from pooled 2019–23 ACS). https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/mpi-unauthorized-immigrants-fact-sheet-2025_FINAL.pdf
  70. Indigenous Farmworker Study (with California Rural Legal Assistance), “California’s Indigenous Farmworkers,” final report, January 2010, and “Demographics.” http://www.indigenousfarmworkers.org/IFS%20Full%20Report%20_Jan2010.pdf ; http://indigenousfarmworkers.org/demographics.shtml
  71. Migration Policy Institute, “Settling In: A Profile of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population in the United States,” 2019, Table 3 (pooled 2012–16 ACS). https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/UnauthorizedData-FactSheet_FinalWeb.pdf
  72. Mixteco/Indigena Community Organizing Project (MICOP), “Who Are We?” https://mixteco.org/ ; and MICOP, “Farmworkers, Census, and Indigenous Knowledge” (presentation for the California Census Office). https://census.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2020/06/MICOP-Peer-Learning-Slides.pdf
  73. First 5 Ventura County, staff recommendation to contract with MICOP, April 16, 2026. https://first5ventura.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/9.-Rec_MICOP_4-16-26_Final-2.pdf
  74. Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Guatemala, XII Censo Nacional de Población 2018, principal results. https://www.ces.uvg.edu.gt/censo2018/documentos/Principales_resultados_Censo2018.pdf

Additional sources in the white paper